一种毛囊皮脂腺的慢性炎症,本病与雄激素无关,皮损无粉刺,典型损害为面部潮红(常呈蝶形),罕见累及胸背部,女性>男性,常见于30-70岁。
4.1.2 洒渣鼻
定义
病因和发病机理
主要与遗传相关,诱因包括热刺激、组胺释放剂(如酒精和辛辣食物)、扩血管药物、日晒和高血压。毛囊蠕形螨常使本病迁延。
症状
面中部红斑、丘疹和脓疱,但不伴粉刺。
¤ I级:面部潮红
¤ II级:毛细血管扩张性红斑
¤ III级:伴炎性浸润的丘脓疱疹。
¤ IV级:鼻赘
部位
面中部、前额和胸V形区。
并发症
毛囊和结缔组织增生: 鼻赘(鼻增大,像美国喜剧演员W.C.菲尔茨)、耳赘、前额赘和颊部赘。暴发性酒渣鼻和聚合性酒渣鼻系本病的严重亚型。此外尚有角膜炎性酒渣鼻。
诊断
依据临床特点诊断。
鉴别诊断
包括迟发型痤疮、糖皮质激素所致痤疮和口周皮炎等,I期酒渣鼻愈合红斑狼疮相鉴别,如果看起来像狼疮,还需与肉样瘤病(冻疮狼疮)和丹毒鉴别。
治疗
¤ 先外用5%苄氯菊脂、甲硝唑霜以去除毛囊蠕形螨
¤ 系统治疗:小剂量多西环素(主要依赖其抗炎作用,而非抗菌作用)。
¤ 鼻赘的治疗:采用手术的方法(如皮肤磨削术,并采用染料激光消除毛细血管扩张)。
Tests
- One of the complication in rosacea is
- Effective treatment for rosacea includes:
- Rosacea can be treated with topical metronidazole
- Acne vulgaris is a differtential diagnosis to rosacea
- Which efflorescenses appear in rosacea?
- A complication of rosacea is:
- Which of these does not trigger flushing in rosacea?
- Statement 1 Rosacea can be treated with topical metronidazole
- Typical locations for rosacea:
- Statement 1 Acne vulgaris is a differential diagnostic consideration for rosacea
- Which of these diseases belong to the differential diagnosis of rosacea?
- Which of these lesions are seen in rosacea?
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